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The Argentine-Luxembourgers Survey

Why are Argentines applying for Luxembourgish citizenship? This is the first survey to measure how these new dual citizens see Luxembourg and their future in Europe.

Updated: January 9th, 2024
Written by: Daniel Atz with Lauren Lowell

Em Português 🇧🇷 | En Español 🇦🇷

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Background

In April and July of 2023, we ran an open survey of Argentine-Luxembourgish dual citizens through ancestry. 124 dual citizens participated representing a wide range of ages and demographics.

The following is the first systematic survey of the Argentine-Luxembourger dual citizens. In it, respondents provided answers to questions on their future in Luxembourg and motivations for applying for dual citizenship. All respondents are non-clients who participated in an open survey of confirmed dual citizens through ancestry.

Key Findings

Having analyzed the results of our survey conducted in July 2023, we have highlighted some general findings.

  1. Over 70% of the Argentine dual citizen survey respondents want to learn Luxembourgish
  2. The age bracket most interested in moving to Luxembourg or the EU is respondents aged 20-39
  3. Most Argentines are established in their own country. 41% have no plans to move to the EU, a number almost 3 times higher than for Brazil.
  4. The Argentine respondents were 2.6 times more likely to express interest in moving to Luxembourg “sometime much later in life” than our American or Brazilian respondents
Group of Argentine Luxembourger dual citizens smilling, holding Luxembourg flag.

Citizenship Status

We asked the respondents about the basics of their Luxembourgish citizenship.

Who Are Our Respondents?

100% of the respondents to our survey have already obtained Luxembourgish dual citizenship. Furthermore, 32.2% expressed that they have obtained a Luxembourgish passport.

Year Citizenship Was Received51% of respondents received Luxembourgish nationality in 2022, the busiest year in the survey.
Year Citizenship Was ReceivedBar chart: Year Citizenship Was Received. 2016 or Before: 6%; 2017: 1%; 2018: 0%; 2019: 2%; 2020: 13%; 2021: 13%; 2022: 51%; 2023: 14%.2016 or Before6%20171%20180%20192%202013%202113%202251%202314%
Year Citizenship Was ReceivedBar chart: Year Citizenship Was Received. 2016 or Before: 6%; 2017: 1%; 2018: 0%; 2019: 2%; 2020: 13%; 2021: 13%; 2022: 51%; 2023: 14%.2016 or Before6%20171%20180%20192%202013%202113%202251%202314%
Year Citizenship Was ReceivedBar chart: Year Citizenship Was Received. 2016 or Before: 6%; 2017: 1%; 2018: 0%; 2019: 2%; 2020: 13%; 2021: 13%; 2022: 51%; 2023: 14%.2016 or Before6%20171%20180%20192%202013%202113%202251%202314%
Year Citizenship Was ReceivedBar chart: Year Citizenship Was Received. 2016 or Before: 6%; 2017: 1%; 2018: 0%; 2019: 2%; 2020: 13%; 2021: 13%; 2022: 51%; 2023: 14%.2016 or Before6%20171%20180%20192%202013%202113%202251%202314%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Have a Luxembourgish Passport?32.2% of respondents have obtained a Luxembourgish passport.
Have a Luxembourgish Passport?Pie chart: Have a Luxembourgish Passport?. Yes: 32.2%; No: 67.8%.32%68%Yes32.2%No67.8%
Have a Luxembourgish Passport?Pie chart: Have a Luxembourgish Passport?. Yes: 32.2%; No: 67.8%.32%68%Yes32.2%No67.8%
Have a Luxembourgish Passport?Pie chart: Have a Luxembourgish Passport?. Yes: 32.2%; No: 67.8%.32%68%Yes32.2%No67.8%
Have a Luxembourgish Passport?Pie chart: Have a Luxembourgish Passport?. Yes: 32.2%; No: 67.8%.32%68%Yes32.2%No67.8%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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International Experience

We asked the dual citizens about their experiences outside of Argentina.

Who's Been to the Grand Duchy?

While not all of our respondents had to travel to Luxembourg to complete their citizenship applications, 30.5% reported that they have visited Luxembourg in their lifetime. Of those who have visited Luxembourg, 10.2% have visited 2 or more times (or live in the Grand-Duchy).

Traveled to Luxembourg30.5% of respondents have visited Luxembourg.
Traveled to LuxembourgPie chart: Traveled to Luxembourg. Yes: 30.5%; No: 69.5%.31%70%Yes30.5%No69.5%
Traveled to LuxembourgPie chart: Traveled to Luxembourg. Yes: 30.5%; No: 69.5%.31%70%Yes30.5%No69.5%
Traveled to LuxembourgPie chart: Traveled to Luxembourg. Yes: 30.5%; No: 69.5%.31%70%Yes30.5%No69.5%
Traveled to LuxembourgPie chart: Traveled to Luxembourg. Yes: 30.5%; No: 69.5%.31%70%Yes30.5%No69.5%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Number of Visits to Luxembourg20% of respondents have visited Luxembourg once, and 10.2% have visited two or more times or live there.
Number of Visits to LuxembourgBar chart: Number of Visits to Luxembourg. 1 Time: 20%; 2–3 Times: 3%; 4+ Times: 3%; I Live in Luxembourg: 3%; Never: 70%.1 Time20%2–3 Times3%4+ Times3%I Live in Luxembourg3%Never70%
Number of Visits to LuxembourgBar chart: Number of Visits to Luxembourg. 1 Time: 20%; 2–3 Times: 3%; 4+ Times: 3%; I Live in Luxembourg: 3%; Never: 70%.1 Time20%2–3 Times3%4+ Times3%I Live in Luxembourg3%Never70%
Number of Visits to LuxembourgBar chart: Number of Visits to Luxembourg. 1 Time: 20%; 2–3 Times: 3%; 4+ Times: 3%; I Live in Luxembourg: 3%; Never: 70%.1 Time20%2–3 Times3%4+ Times3%I Live in Luxembourg3%Never70%
Number of Visits to LuxembourgBar chart: Number of Visits to Luxembourg. 1 Time: 20%; 2–3 Times: 3%; 4+ Times: 3%; I Live in Luxembourg: 3%; Never: 70%.1 Time20%2–3 Times3%4+ Times3%I Live in Luxembourg3%Never70%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Have You Lived Outside of Argentina?

Out of the surveyed individuals, 16.9% mentioned they had prior experience living outside Argentina. This figure slightly exceeds half of the proportion of the Americans with experience living abroad and is still 10.6% lower than the Brazilians as well.

Have You Lived Abroad?16.9% of respondents have lived outside Argentina, lower than both the American and Brazilian respondents.
Have You Lived Abroad?Pie chart: Have You Lived Abroad?. Yes: 16.9%; No: 83.1%.17%83%Yes16.9%No83.1%
Have You Lived Abroad?Pie chart: Have You Lived Abroad?. Yes: 16.9%; No: 83.1%.17%83%Yes16.9%No83.1%
Have You Lived Abroad?Pie chart: Have You Lived Abroad?. Yes: 16.9%; No: 83.1%.17%83%Yes16.9%No83.1%
Have You Lived Abroad?Pie chart: Have You Lived Abroad?. Yes: 16.9%; No: 83.1%.17%83%Yes16.9%No83.1%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Current Country of Residence89.5% of respondents live in Argentina, 8.9% in another country and 1.6% in Luxembourg.
Current Country of ResidencePie chart: Current Country of Residence. Argentina: 89.5%; Luxembourg: 1.6%; Other Country: 8.9%.90%8.9%Argentina89.5%Luxembourg1.6%Other Country8.9%
Current Country of ResidencePie chart: Current Country of Residence. Argentina: 89.5%; Luxembourg: 1.6%; Other Country: 8.9%.90%8.9%Argentina89.5%Luxembourg1.6%Other Country8.9%
Current Country of ResidencePie chart: Current Country of Residence. Argentina: 89.5%; Luxembourg: 1.6%; Other Country: 8.9%.90%8.9%Argentina89.5%Luxembourg1.6%Other Country8.9%
Current Country of ResidencePie chart: Current Country of Residence. Argentina: 89.5%; Luxembourg: 1.6%; Other Country: 8.9%.90%8.9%Argentina89.5%Luxembourg1.6%Other Country8.9%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens · 2024

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Multilingualism

The US is famously monolingual. Most people in Luxembourg speak 4-5 languages. How do the Argentine dual citizens prepare?

Speak a Foreign Language?

46.3% of the dual citizen respondents self-reported speaking a foreign language. The standard in the survey used for defining this was the “ability to fluidly use a language for the responsibilities of your work”. We assess that this number, while reflecting the respondents’ answers, is likely over expressed.

Do You Speak a Foreign Language?46.3% of respondents say they speak a foreign language well enough to use it at work, though we believe the real share is lower.
Do You Speak a Foreign Language?Pie chart: Do You Speak a Foreign Language?. Yes: 46.3%; No: 53.7%.46%54%Yes46.3%No53.7%
Do You Speak a Foreign Language?Pie chart: Do You Speak a Foreign Language?. Yes: 46.3%; No: 53.7%.46%54%Yes46.3%No53.7%
Do You Speak a Foreign Language?Pie chart: Do You Speak a Foreign Language?. Yes: 46.3%; No: 53.7%.46%54%Yes46.3%No53.7%
Do You Speak a Foreign Language?Pie chart: Do You Speak a Foreign Language?. Yes: 46.3%; No: 53.7%.46%54%Yes46.3%No53.7%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Languages SpokenEnglish is the most common foreign language, spoken by 41% of respondents, and 6.5% speak two or more foreign languages.
Languages SpokenBar chart: Languages Spoken. English: 41%; German: 2%; French: 1%; Other: 8%.English41%German2%French1%Other8%
Languages SpokenBar chart: Languages Spoken. English: 41%; German: 2%; French: 1%; Other: 8%.English41%German2%French1%Other8%
Languages SpokenBar chart: Languages Spoken. English: 41%; German: 2%; French: 1%; Other: 8%.English41%German2%French1%Other8%
Languages SpokenBar chart: Languages Spoken. English: 41%; German: 2%; French: 1%; Other: 8%.English41%German2%French1%Other8%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question; respondents could choose multiple answers · 2024

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While 46.3% of respondents speak at least one foreign language, 6.5% speak two foreign languages or more.

Schwätzt Dir Lëtzebuergesch?

Around 70.2% of the Argentine dual citizen applicants indicate being interested to learn Luxembourgish. While these numbers are slightly lower than those of their American and Brazilian counterparts, this could be a real opportunity to explore.

A man speaking
Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?70.2% of respondents are interested in learning Luxembourgish.
Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?Pie chart: Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?. Yes: 70.2%; No: 29.8%.70%30%Yes70.2%No29.8%
Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?Pie chart: Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?. Yes: 70.2%; No: 29.8%.70%30%Yes70.2%No29.8%
Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?Pie chart: Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?. Yes: 70.2%; No: 29.8%.70%30%Yes70.2%No29.8%
Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?Pie chart: Interested in Learning Luxembourgish?. Yes: 70.2%; No: 29.8%.70%30%Yes70.2%No29.8%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Interest to Move

Do these new dual citizens plan to put their Luxembourgish passport to use? How do they see their future in Europe?

Packing Bags: Are Argentine-Luxembourgers Headed to the EU?

59.3% of our dual citizen respondents expressed interest in moving to the EU. However, our research shows that just over half of those who expressed interest have no plans to move in the short term. Our motivations section indicates that many of the dual citizens hope to eventually work in Europe.

Want to Move to the EU?59.3% of respondents are interested in moving to the EU.
Want to Move to the EU?Pie chart: Want to Move to the EU?. Yes: 59.3%; No: 40.7%.59%41%Yes59.3%No40.7%
Want to Move to the EU?Pie chart: Want to Move to the EU?. Yes: 59.3%; No: 40.7%.59%41%Yes59.3%No40.7%
Want to Move to the EU?Pie chart: Want to Move to the EU?. Yes: 59.3%; No: 40.7%.59%41%Yes59.3%No40.7%
Want to Move to the EU?Pie chart: Want to Move to the EU?. Yes: 59.3%; No: 40.7%.59%41%Yes59.3%No40.7%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question · 2024

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Move to the EU: When?15.3% of respondents plan to move to the EU in the next one to two years, while 25.8% are interested but don't have plans yet.
Move to the EU: When?Bar chart: Move to the EU: When?. In the Next 1–2 Years: 15.3%; In the Next 3–5 Years: 8.9%; I Don't Have Plans, but I'm Interested: 25.8%; Only in a Long Time: 5.6%.In the Next 1–2Years15.3%In the Next 3–5Years8.9%I Don't Have Plans,but I'm Interested25.8%Only in a Long Time5.6%
Move to the EU: When?Bar chart: Move to the EU: When?. In the Next 1–2 Years: 15.3%; In the Next 3–5 Years: 8.9%; I Don't Have Plans, but I'm Interested: 25.8%; Only in a Long Time: 5.6%.In the Next 1–2Years15.3%In the Next 3–5Years8.9%I Don't Have Plans,but I'm Interested25.8%Only in a Long Time5.6%
Move to the EU: When?Bar chart: Move to the EU: When?. In the Next 1–2 Years: 15.3%; In the Next 3–5 Years: 8.9%; I Don't Have Plans, but I'm Interested: 25.8%; Only in a Long Time: 5.6%.In the Next 1–2 Years15.3%In the Next 3–5 Years8.9%I Don't Have Plans, but I'mInterested25.8%Only in a Long Time5.6%
Move to the EU: When?Bar chart: Move to the EU: When?. In the Next 1–2 Years: 15.3%; In the Next 3–5 Years: 8.9%; I Don't Have Plans, but I'm Interested: 25.8%; Only in a Long Time: 5.6%.In the Next 1–2 Years15.3%In the Next 3–5 Years8.9%I Don't Have Plans, but I'mInterested25.8%Only in a Long Time5.6%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of all respondents · 2024

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Application Motivations

What drove these Argentines to apply for Luxembourgish dual citizenship?

Dual Citizenship Motivations

Our Argentine dual citizen respondents indicate that they pursued Luxembourgish dual citizenship to honor their heritage and to provide themselves and their families more opportunities in the future.

Potential Interests18% of respondents are interested in a job in Luxembourg, and the same share in a job in another European country.
Potential InterestsBar chart: Potential Interests. A Job in Luxembourg: 18%; A Job in Another European Country: 18%; Studying in Luxembourg: 6%; Studying in Another European Country: 5%.A Job inLuxembourg18%A Job in AnotherEuropean Country18%Studying inLuxembourg6%Studying in AnotherEuropean Country5%
Potential InterestsBar chart: Potential Interests. A Job in Luxembourg: 18%; A Job in Another European Country: 18%; Studying in Luxembourg: 6%; Studying in Another European Country: 5%.A Job inLuxembourg18%A Job in AnotherEuropean Country18%Studying inLuxembourg6%Studying in AnotherEuropean Country5%
Potential InterestsBar chart: Potential Interests. A Job in Luxembourg: 18%; A Job in Another European Country: 18%; Studying in Luxembourg: 6%; Studying in Another European Country: 5%.A Job in Luxembourg18%A Job in Another EuropeanCountry18%Studying in Luxembourg6%Studying in Another EuropeanCountry5%
Potential InterestsBar chart: Potential Interests. A Job in Luxembourg: 18%; A Job in Another European Country: 18%; Studying in Luxembourg: 6%; Studying in Another European Country: 5%.A Job in Luxembourg18%A Job in Another EuropeanCountry18%Studying in Luxembourg6%Studying in Another EuropeanCountry5%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question; respondents could choose multiple answers · 2024

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Application Motivators69% of respondents applied because they are proud of their Luxembourgish heritage, the top motivator.
Application MotivatorsBar chart: Application Motivators. I Am Proud of My Luxembourgish Heritage: 69%; Considering the Future of My Children / Grandchildren: 65%; Desire to Reconnect With the Land of My Ancestors: 43%; As a Form of Security or Backup (in Case It Would Be Needed in the Future): 40%; I Am Interested in Working in Luxembourg / Europe: 35%; Recent Political or Social Events Have Motivated Me to Obtain a Second Nationality: 16%; I Am Interested in Studying in Luxembourg / Europe: 10%; Other: 2%.I Am Proud of MyLuxembourgish He…69%Considering theFuture of My Child…65%Desire to ReconnectWith the Land of M…43%As a Form ofSecurity or Backu…40%I Am Interested inWorking in Luxem…35%Recent Political orSocial Events Have…16%I Am Interested inStudying in Luxem…10%Other2%
Application MotivatorsBar chart: Application Motivators. I Am Proud of My Luxembourgish Heritage: 69%; Considering the Future of My Children / Grandchildren: 65%; Desire to Reconnect With the Land of My Ancestors: 43%; As a Form of Security or Backup (in Case It Would Be Needed in the Future): 40%; I Am Interested in Working in Luxembourg / Europe: 35%; Recent Political or Social Events Have Motivated Me to Obtain a Second Nationality: 16%; I Am Interested in Studying in Luxembourg / Europe: 10%; Other: 2%.I Am Proud of MyLuxembourgish He…69%Considering theFuture of My Child…65%Desire to ReconnectWith the Land of M…43%As a Form ofSecurity or Backu…40%I Am Interested inWorking in Luxem…35%Recent Political orSocial Events Have…16%I Am Interested inStudying in Luxem…10%Other2%
Application MotivatorsBar chart: Application Motivators. I Am Proud of My Luxembourgish Heritage: 69%; Considering the Future of My Children / Grandchildren: 65%; Desire to Reconnect With the Land of My Ancestors: 43%; As a Form of Security or Backup (in Case It Would Be Needed in the Future): 40%; I Am Interested in Working in Luxembourg / Europe: 35%; Recent Political or Social Events Have Motivated Me to Obtain a Second Nationality: 16%; I Am Interested in Studying in Luxembourg / Europe: 10%; Other: 2%.I Am Proud of My LuxembourgishHeritage69%Considering the Future of MyChildren / Grandchildren65%Desire to Reconnect With theLand of My Ancestors43%As a Form of Security or Backup(in Case It Would Be Needed in t…40%I Am Interested in Working inLuxembourg / Europe35%Recent Political or Social EventsHave Motivated Me to Obtain a S…16%I Am Interested in Studying inLuxembourg / Europe10%Other2%
Application MotivatorsBar chart: Application Motivators. I Am Proud of My Luxembourgish Heritage: 69%; Considering the Future of My Children / Grandchildren: 65%; Desire to Reconnect With the Land of My Ancestors: 43%; As a Form of Security or Backup (in Case It Would Be Needed in the Future): 40%; I Am Interested in Working in Luxembourg / Europe: 35%; Recent Political or Social Events Have Motivated Me to Obtain a Second Nationality: 16%; I Am Interested in Studying in Luxembourg / Europe: 10%; Other: 2%.I Am Proud of My LuxembourgishHeritage69%Considering the Future of MyChildren / Grandchildren65%Desire to Reconnect With theLand of My Ancestors43%As a Form of Security or Backup(in Case It Would Be Needed in t…40%I Am Interested in Working inLuxembourg / Europe35%Recent Political or Social EventsHave Motivated Me to Obtain a S…16%I Am Interested in Studying inLuxembourg / Europe10%Other2%

Source: LuxCitizenship survey of 124 Argentine dual citizens; percentages of those who answered each question; respondents could choose multiple answers · 2024

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